Journal article with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Feiring, C., Simon, V., & Cleland, C. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse, stigmatization, internalizing symptoms, and the development of sexual difficulties and dating aggression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(1), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013475
Parenthetical citation: (Feiring et al., 2009)
Narrative citation: Feiring et al. (2009)
Journal article without a DOI (from an academic database or print version):
Siddle Walker, V. (2019). What Black educators built. Educational Leadership, 76(7), 12-18.
Parenthetical citation: (Siddle Walker, 2019)
Narrative citation: Siddle Walker (2019)
Journal article with an article number or eLocator:
Mudrak, J., Slepicka, P., & Slepickova, I. (2018). Sport motivation and doping in adolescent athletes. PLOS ONE, 13(10), Article e0205222. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205222
Parenthetical citation: (Mudrak et al., 2018)
Narrative citation: Mudrak et al. (2018)
Magazine articles:
Cho, A. (2017, January 27). Can dark matter vanquish controversial rival theory? Science, 355(6323), 337. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.355.6323.337
Clay, R. A. (2008, June). Science v. ideology: Psychologists fight back against the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6), 41.
Yong, E. (2018, November 19). Psychology's replication crisis is running out of excuses. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/11/psychologys-replication-crisis-real/576223
Parenthetical citation: (Cho, 2018; Clay, 2008; Yong, 2018)
Narrative citation: Cho (2018), Clay (2008), and Yong (2018)
Newspaper articles:
Basken, P. (2007, August 10). Nonprofit lenders, while helping students, help themselves. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/Nonprofit-Lenders-While/25004
Ruhe, P. (2007, August 8). Pouring it on: Heat churns in vicious cycle. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1A.
Parenthetical citation: (Basken, 2007; Ruhe, 2007)
Narrative citation: Basken (2007) and Ruhe (2007)
Blog post:
Fister, B. (2019, October 22). The writing on the Unpaywall. Library Babel Fish. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/library-babel-fish/writing-unpaywall
Parenthetical citation: (Fister, 2019)
Narrative citation: Fister (2019)
Books:
Monmonier, M. S. (2018). How to lie with maps (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226436081.001.0001
Hüfner, S. (Ed.). (2007). Very high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68133-7
Parenthetical citation: (Monmonier, 2018; Hüfner, 2007)
Narrative citation: Monmonier (2018) and Hüfner (2007)
Eggins, S., & Slade, D. (1997). Analyzing casual conversation. Cassell.
Robins, R. W., Fraley, R. C., & Krueger, R. F. (Eds.). (2007). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. Guilford Press.
Parenthetical citation: (Eggins & Slade, 1997; Robins et al., 2007)
Narrative citation: Eggins and Slade (1997) and Robins et al. (2007)
Chapter in an edited book:
Black, L., & Jackson, V. (2005). Families of African origin: An overview. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & N. Garcia-Preto (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (3rd ed., pp. 77-86). Guilford Press.
Parenthetical citation: (Black & Jackson, 2005)
Narrative citation: Black and Jackson (2005)
Dictionary entry (group author):
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Dissociation. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved December 17, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dissociation
Parenthetical citation: (Merriam-Webster, n.d.)
Narrative citation: Merriam-Webster (n.d.)
Encyclopedia article (individual author) in an edited volume:
Driver, J. (2014). The history of utilitarianism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Winter 2014 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/utilitarianism-history/
Davis, H. D. (2003). State boards of education. In J. W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 7, pp. 2350-2364). Macmillan Reference USA.
Parenthetical citation: (Driver, 2014; Davis, 2003)
Narrative citation: Driver (2014) and Davis (2003)
Webpage on a news website (with and without a known author):
Tarlo, S. (2019, December 9). Experts say kids still have way too much homework. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2019/12/08/experts-say-kids-still-have-way-too-much-homework
Parenthetical citation: (Tarlo, 2019)
Narrative citation: Tarlo (2019)
Trump impeachment: US House ready for historic vote. (2019, December 18). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50834324
Parenthetical citation: (Trump Impeachment, 2019)
Narrative citation: Trump Impeachment (2019)
*For sources with no author listed, capitalize these titles in the text using title case, even though sentence case is used in the reference list entry.
Webpage on a website with a group author (author same as site name):
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, May 15). Depression during and after pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/maternal-depression
American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Skin complications. https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/complications/skin-complications
Parenthetical citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019; American Diabetes Association, n.d.)
Narrative citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2019) and American Diabetes Association (n.d.)
*If you include the abbreviation in the first in-text citation as above, you can use just the abbreviation in subsequent in-text citations.
Government report (group author):
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf
Parenthetical citation: (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2003)
Narrative citation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI, 2003)
*If you include the abbreviation in the first in-text citation as above, you can use just the abbreviation in subsequent in-text citations.
Industry Report from IBISWorld:
Ahmad, A. (2014, September). Candy production in the US (IBISWorld Industry Report No. 31134). IBISWorld.
Parenthetical citation: (Ahmad, 2014)
Narrative citation: Ahmad (2014)
Working Papers:
Deming, D., & Dynarski, S. (2008). The lengthening of childhood (NBER Working Paper No. 14124). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w14124
Victor, N. M. (2008). Gazprom: Gas giant under strain (Working Paper No. 71). Stanford University Program on Energy and Sustainable Development. https://pesd.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/gazprom_gas_giant_under_strain/
Parenthetical citation: (Deming & Dynarski, 2008; Victor, 2008)
Narrative citation: Deming and Dynarski (2008) and Victor (2008)
Published in a database:
Bryce, M. S. (2013). The own-age bias in memory and memory monitoring for faces (Publication No. 3572775) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Virginia]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Parenthetical citation: (Bryce, 2013)
Narrative citation: Bryce (2013)
Published in an institutional or university archive:
Davis, J. (2015). A tale of two landscapes: Examining alienation and non-visitation among local African American fishers at Congaree National Park [Master's thesis, University of South Carolina]. Scholar Commons. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3135
Parenthetical citation: (Davis, 2015)
Narrative citation: Davis (2015)
Unpublished (only in print at the degree-granting college or university):
Miller, M. W. (1981). Professional/client interaction: Implications for education and management [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota.
Parenthetical citation: (Miller, 1981)
Narrative citation: Miller (1981)
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year). Title of dataset (Version Number) [Data set]. Publisher. DOI or URL
EXAMPLES:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Table 68. Influenza
vaccination among adults aged 18 and over, by selected
characteristics: United States, selected years 1989–2016 [Data set].
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2017/068.pdf
O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology
textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR.
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1
A DOI (digital object identifier) is a unique alphanumeric string that provides a persistent link to content online. In APA style, try to include a DOI for every reference if possible. In the 7th ed. you no longer add DOI: but rather make a HTML link
The current APA manual calls for the DOI number for all digital documents if present. But what if there is no DOI? Then you might need to use the URL of the journal's home page OR the URL of the subscription database in which you found the article. Confused? This flow chart from APA is a useful way to determine what you need in your citation.
